Herniated Disc

Herniated Disc Care at UVM Health

A herniated disc occurs when one of the soft cushions (discs) between the bones of your spine tears or bulges outward. When a disc is damaged, it can press on nearby nerves and cause pain, numbness, tingling or weakness.

A herniated disc can happen anywhere along the spine but is most common in the lower back and neck. Most people improve with simple treatments and do not need surgery.

Why Choose UVM Health?

At University of Vermont Health, you receive coordinated, personalized care from some of the most experienced spine specialists in Vermont and northern New York. Our goal is to help you move comfortably and get back to the activities you love.

As one of the leading orthopedic programs in the region, we offer:

Patient-centered care: We tailor every treatment plan to your individual needs. We start with nonsurgical options and recommend surgery only when it’s the most effective approach. Our nurses and physical therapists spend extra time helping you understand your diagnosis, treatment plan and what to expect at each step.
Research-driven expertise: As part of a health system anchored by an academic medical center, our physicians are active researchers and leaders in orthopedic and neurosurgical care. We track patient outcomes, evaluate new technologies and stay current with the latest evidence-based treatments to ensure safe, high-quality care.

What Causes Herniated Disc?

You may have a higher risk of developing a herniated disc if you have:

Aging-related wear and tear on the spine
Obesity
Diabetes
Poor posture
Smoking, which can weaken spinal discs
A history of back or neck injuries

Herniated Disc Symptoms

Symptoms depend on where the disc is located and which nerves are affected.

Common symptoms include:

Pain that travels into the arm or leg
Tingling, numbness or “pins and needles”
Muscle weakness
Pain that worsens with sitting, bending or lifting

Diagnosing Herniated Disc

Your provider will ask about your symptoms, medical history and daily activities. They will examine your spine, test your muscle strength and check reflexes.

Diagnostic tests may include:

X-ray
MRI
CT scans
Nerve conduction tests

Herniated Disc Treatment

Most people with a herniated disc improve without surgery. Treatment focuses on relieving pain, reducing inflammation and restoring mobility.

Common treatment options include:

Gradual increase in activity and return to physical fitness
Over‑the‑counter pain relievers or anti‑inflammatory medications
Non-narcotic prescription medications may be recommended by your doctor, such as gabapentin or a short course of oral steroid
Physical therapy to improve strength, stability and flexibility
Heat or ice therapy
Epidural steroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain

Fewer than 15% of patients with cervical or lumbar disc herniation require surgery. The pain usually gets better on its own, over weeks to months. Surgery is typically only needed in cases of severe pain, weakness, or bowel or bladder dysfunction.

Your care team will help you choose the safest and most effective treatment for your needs.