Thyroid Eye Disease

Thyroid Eye Disease Care at UVM Health

Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also called Graves’ eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy, is an autoimmune condition that affects the eyes and tissues around them. TED most often occurs in people with thyroid conditions, especially Graves’ disease, but it can develop in people with normal or low thyroid function.

With TED, the immune system causes inflammation and swelling of the muscles, fat and connective tissue behind the eyes. This can change how the eyes look and feel and may affect vision. TED is treatable, and early care can help protect eye health and comfort.

Why Choose UVM Health?

Our comprehensive ophthalmology program provides expert care from highly trained specialists. We offer vision-saving treatments not widely available in Vermont and northern New York.

We offer:

Experienced eye disease specialists: Our ophthalmology program brings together experts across eye disease specialties. As one of the leading programs in the region, we give you access to many board-certified, fellowship-trained ophthalmologists.
Full range of treatments: We offer the latest nonsurgical and surgical treatments for eye disease. Our eye doctors specialize in complex and minimally invasive eye procedures designed to protect or improve your vision.
Research-based eye care: As part of a health system anchored by an academic medical center, our physicians are active researchers and participate in the latest clinical trials for eye disease.

Thyroid Eye Disease Symptoms

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may affect one or both eyes. Common symptoms include:

Dry, gritty or irritated eyes
Redness or swelling of the eyes or eyelids
Sensitivity to light
Excessive tearing or watery eyes
Pressure or pain behind the eyes
Bulging or protruding eyes
Eyelid retraction (eyelids pulled back, making the eyes look wide open)
Double vision or blurry vision
Difficulty fully closing the eyes

Diagnosing Thyroid Eye Disease

Your provider will review your symptoms, health history, physical exam findings and results from lab and imaging tests.

Diagnostic evaluations may include:

Eye exam: To assess eye movement, eyelid position and vision
Blood tests: To check thyroid hormone levels and autoimmune markers
Imaging: MRI or CT scans evaluate the eye muscles and tissues behind the eyes

Thyroid Eye Disease Treatment

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and whether the disease is active or stable. Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation, protecting vision, and improving comfort and appearance. Your care team will work with you to choose a treatment plan that fits your goals and lifestyle while helping you manage your symptoms confidently.

Treatment options may include:

Supportive Care at Home