BRCA1 and BRCA2 are genes that normally help control cell growth. But an inherited change, called a mutation, in one of these genes makes you much more likely to get breast, ovarian, and some other cancers. BRCA (say "BRAH-kuh") stands for "BReast CAncer."

Your doctor may talk to you about testing based on your family medical history or your personal medical history. Your doctor may ask you questions, such as if you have family members who had breast or ovarian cancer, if you were diagnosed with breast cancer before age 50, or if you have an Ashkenazi Jewish heritage.

If you are concerned that you may have a BRCA gene change, talk with your doctor.

Genetic testing can show if you have gene changes that increase your risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Before you have genetic testing, you may want to see a genetic counselor. Counseling will help you decide about genetic testing. Both testing and counseling are often covered by insurance. But check with your insurance company to find out for sure.

Ways to reduce cancer risk

Experts know that people who are BRCA-positive are more likely to get breast cancer and ovarian cancer. If you are BRCA-positive, you can take steps to reduce your risk of these cancers. These steps include:

• Having the breasts removed (mastectomy).
• Having the ovaries removed (oophorectomy).
• Having a mammogram and breast MRI. These screening tests don't prevent breast cancer. But they can find cancer early, when a cure is most likely.

Surgery and screening tests are not your only options. You can also talk to your doctor about medicines, such as tamoxifen. Or you may choose to have no treatment or extra screening.

Take some time to think about your options. A genetic counselor can help you understand how the prevention options affect your cancer risk. Discuss them with your family and close friends. Then you can reach a decision that feels right for you.