During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, the lining of the uterus thickens. An egg becomes ready to be released inside a sac (follicle) on the surface of an ovary. During the luteal phase, the egg is released (ovulation). If the egg is fertilized by sperm, it may attach to the lining of the uterus (implant), and pregnancy begins. If the egg is not fertilized or a fertilized egg doesn't implant, the lining of the uterus is shed as blood during the menstrual period (below), and the cycle starts over.